History Speech (2013).ppt
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1、A Glimpse on Chinese History,Guo Hui Nanjing Forestry University 2013-5-8,Big territory, long history, one culture, diverse ethnic groups,China is the most ethnically diverse country in the world: it has more ethnic minority people of more different types than any other country. In the past 5,000 ye
2、ars, the Han Chinese slowly established ascendancy over other groups and make the Chinese civilization by assimilation of the cultures from other ethnic groups while extending the territory to make it one of the largest in the world.,Neolithic Civilization,The homeland of the Han peoples was around
3、the central plains region, in the great river basins of the Huanghe (Yellow River) and Yangzi (Blue River), in which thousands of settlements have been found dating back to the neolithic Yangshao culture (c.4500-2500 BCE).,Typical settlements of this period seem to have been circular villages surrou
4、nded by moats with people practicing agriculture.,Early Period,The first known dynasty is that of Fuxi (c.2852 BCE), although it is only when we get to the Xia (2205-1776 BCE), Shang (1766-1122 BCE) and Zhou (1122-256 BCE) dynasties that we can begin to be certain about dates. These early dynasties
5、were concentrated on the central areas of China, with outlying areas being occupied by nomads and other peoples referred to by the Chinese as barbarians.,Ethnical Unity and Expansion of Territory,The Qin (221-207 BCE) and Han (206-9 CE and 25-220 CE) dynasties are known for their relentless civil wa
6、rs and the rise in the autocratic powers of emperors.,These tendencies continued during the Sixteen Kingdoms (316-384 CE) and Northern Wei (386-534 CE) periods, which also witnessed the territorial expansion of the Han Chinese and the continued struggle to find appropriate ways to rule over other et
7、hnic groups.,Glorious Era of Tang and Song,Perhaps the greatest glories of Chinese history are found in Tang (618-907 CE) and Song dynasties (960-1279 CE). During these centuries, China is perhaps the most advanced economy in the world, with vast programs of canal building and cities bigger than to
8、be found anywhere in Europe, as recorded for example by Marco Polo.,Glorious Era of Tang and Song,Chinas navies, with their huge junks that were like floating cities in their own right, ruled the waters and undertook great voyages of exploration. This period, coinciding with the Dark Ages in the wes
9、t, saw China mostly united (apart from the Five Dynasties period of 907-960 CE and the division between the Northern and Southern Song dynasties) and mainly at war with the Turkish beyond the borders.,Biggest Empire in the World History,When the horse-people united under a great leader, Chinggiz Kha
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