非谓语动词时态语态.doc

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1、非谓语动词考点1.非谓语动词做主语不定式VS动名词考点1.1 具体动作VS 抽象的一般的行为倾向考点1.2 不定式做主语，常用it做形式主语考点1.3 动名词做主语,有时用it做形式主语（动名词或不定式短语很长时）例：_felt funny watching myself on TV. A.One B.This C.It D.That 注意：it is no good/no use/worthwhile/useless doing sth. 只能用动名词做主语考点1.4 动名词复合结构: e.g Would you mind my opening the window?例:_for schoo

2、l made the teacher happy. A. His being not late B. His not being lateC. Not his being late D. His being late not考点2.非谓语动词做宾语不定式VS动名词考点2.1 形式宾语6123结构考点2.2 二者差异1) 只接不定式做宾语的动词: e.g. She pretended to understand his words.注: want, hope, manage, demand, promise, refuse, plan, offer, decide, agree,expect,

3、wish, ask2)只接动名词做宾语的动词:e.g.I suggested going to the exhibition next weekend.注admit,allow, appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy, escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine, keep,mind,miss, practize,resist, risk,suggest,deny,stand,feel like例：I cant stand_ with Jane in the same office. She just refu

4、ses_ talking while she works. A.working; stopping B.to work; stopping C.working;to stop D.to work;to stop解析：cant stand doing sth. 不能忍受做某事。 3）既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词，但意义无大的区别I intend to finish/finishing the task this morning.love, like,hate,prefer, intend,start,continue4）既可跟不定式，又可跟动名词，但意义有区别例1. -Robert is inde

5、ed a wise man. -Oh,yes. How often I have regretted_his advice! A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking解析：regret to do很遗憾地抱歉地做.（事情还没有做）;regret doing sth. 很遗憾/后悔做了.（为已经做过的事而感到.） ,此处regret not doing 后悔没有做某事；例2. I still remember_ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A.to take B.to be taken C.

6、taking D.being taken 例3.-If you think that treating a woman well means always_ her permission for things, think again. A.gets B.got C.to get D.getting 解析：mean doing 意味着 meant to do 打算做，故意做注：try（try doing 尝试做某事； try to do 努力做某事）5）在but, except（介词，除.之外）接动词时，要用不定式例：If he takes on this work, he will have

7、 no choice but_ an even greater challenge. A.meets B.meeting C.meet D.to meet注：有时不带to,取决于前面是否有实义动词do有do省to: She can do nothing but wait.考点2.3 介词to VS 不定式 to有些结尾是to的短语后用动名词:lead to导致look forward to期望devote oneself to致力于object to 反对stick to坚持get down to 着手做某事考点3.非谓语动词做表语不定式 VS 动名词 VS 分词考点3.1 分词做表语，看分词

8、与主语的关系：主动-现在分词；被动-过去分词例：In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck解析：四月份，由于火山灰的影响，成千上万的度假者滞留在国外。此处remain是系动词，后面接过去分词作表语，表示被动。考点3.2 同根形容词现在分词和过去分词两种形式意义区分amuse,excite,bore,disappoint,fascinate,frighten,horrify,

9、inspired,movee.g bored VS boring注：做表语时，动名词可主表互换，分词不能 My job is teaching. VS This story sounds interesting.考点4.非谓语动词做宾补（或主补）不定式 VS 分词考点4.1 不定式作宾补1）能接to的不定式做宾语补足语/主语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,advise,persuade, permit,request,order,warn, cause等；例：

10、Passengers are permitted_ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. A.to carry B. carrying C.to be carried D. being carried解析：permit有permit doing sth.和 permit sb. to do sth. 两种形式，此处使用了被动语态，选后者，作主补。2）感官动词和使役动词(接不带to的不定式做宾语，接带to的不定式做主补） 如：find,see,watch,observe,notice,feel, look at, listen to, he

11、ar, make,let,have等。例：The naughty boy often made his little sister cry but today he was made to cry by his little sister.考点4.2 分词做宾补主要是一些感官动词或使役动词：He had his hair cut.He had his wallet stolen. 表请别人做某事/遭受: 宾语或主语承受了过去分词表示的动作I saw him passing my house. 表正在进行VS 不定式做宾补表经常性的动作或动作全过程。考点5.非谓语动词做定语考点5.1 动名词 V

12、S 现在分词a sleeping baby VS a sleeping car考点5.2 过去分词 VS 现在分词 fried+ chickena film (directed by Stephen Chow )fallen leavesflowing waterThe girl (standing over there) is my sister.The factory (making pens here) will be relocated. 例：After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the env

13、elope_. A.providing B.provided C.having provided D.provide解析：在填完表格并在它上面签名后，请把表格放入我们提供的信封内交回。动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系，在句中作定语，使用过去分词，相当于一个被动的定语从句： which is provided.考点5.3 不定式做定语1）不定式做定语多和被修饰词有“倒动宾关系”，即被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者；若不定式为不及物动词，就要在不定式动词后加上相应的介词（I want to have a pen to write with)。2）自己做主动，别人做被动：Do

14、 you have anything to wash ?Do you have anything to be sent？考点6.非谓语动词做状语考点6.1 不定式做状语1）结果状语：例：George returned after the war, only_ that his wife had left him. A.to be told B.telling C.being told D.told解析：表示出人意料的结果： only to do He went to Japan three years ago, never to return. 2）目的状语：in order toso as

15、to（不能用于句首）考点6.2 分词做状语1）现在分词作状语：句首：原因、条件、时间、让步等句末：方式、伴随、结果例1：Seeing from the hill, we found the city is beautiful.例2：Having finished his homework, he handed it to the teacher. (finish) 解题要点：时间有先后+主语一致+明确主被动2）过去分词作状语：句首：原因、条件、时间句末：对前面的情况起补充说明例：Seen from the hill, the city is beautiful. 练习：Lots of resc

16、ue workers were working around the clock,_supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to sendC. having sent D. to have sent解析：地震过后，许多救援人员正日夜不停地工作，向青海玉树运输救援物资。现在分词短语作伴随状语，表示同时发生的动作。C表完成，不符合题意。注：独立主格形式上与主句无任何联系，但是意思上与主句紧密联系，共同构筑一个完整的语义环境无主语和谓语，只有逻辑上的主语，句法上非句子四类：1）独立分词结构：Cell

17、 phone being very small, we can use them conveniently.2）with复合结构：With a guide leading the way, they had no difficulty finding the hot spring.3）独立不定式结构：Nobody to help us tomorrow, we cant finish our task ahead of time.4）独立无动词结构：He has visited many countries, most of them in Europe.动词的时态和语态动词的时态一般式（一）

18、一般现在时时间状语：often，always,usually,never,seldom,every other day.考点1.基本用法：1）表客观事实和真理 例：The teacher said that the sun （ ） from the east. A rose B rises C was rising D is rising 解析：表示客观真理，如：太阳东升西落；地球围绕太阳转；地球是圆的等等 要用一般现在时；2）表经常性、习惯性、永恒性、反复性例：Every few years, the coal workers_ their lungs X-rayed to ensure t

19、heir health. A.are having B.have C.have had D.had had解析：every few years标志一般现在时注：现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性： He sings well.考点2.特别用法：1）一般现在表将来之主将从现时间、条件状语从句；让步、方式状语从句例： I dont know if he _.If he _, Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes ; comes C.will come; comes D. comes ; will come解析：前句为宾语从句，后句为条件

20、状语从句让步 Whether you help him or not, he will fail.方式 Next time Ill do as he says.2）一般现在表将来之按规定、时间表 、计划或安排要发生 例：The bus leaves at 5 oclock.3）一般现在表将来之hope, take care that, make sure that等宾语从句中例：Make sure that you finish you task in time.4）一般现在表进行：here,there倒装句例：There goes the bell.（二）一般过去时考点1.基本用法：1）过去

21、发生的动作或存在的状态，往往侧重于动作已完成例：-Kevin, you look worried, Anything wrong? -Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. A.will take B.took C.had taken D.take解析：勿受“参加了测试”影响，此处无“过去的过去”2）过去常常:辨析would, used to do, often did考点2.特别用法：委婉，非过去：wonder，want, hope, think, intend；could, wouldI wondered if you could h

22、elp me.考点3.句型1）It is time that sb. did sth. 早该了2）would （had） rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事（虚拟语气）（三）一般将来时时间状语：tomorrow, next week, in an hour, in the following few weeks.考点1.主将从现反过来考查例：If their marketing plans succeed, they_ their sales by 20%. A. will increase B.have been increasing C.have increased D.

23、 would be increasing解析：如果他们的市场营销方案成功的话，他们的销售量将会增加20%考点2.祈使句+and/or并列句中第二个句子通常用一般将来时或使用情态动词例：Close the door of fear behind you, and you_ the door of faith open before you. A.saw B.have seen C.will see D.are seeing考点3.辨析 be going to，be to do, be about to, be due to1) be going to:主语意图，即将做某事a.计划，安排要发生的事

24、(有改的可能性）:The play is going to be produced next month.b.有迹象/征兆要发生的事:Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm.c.be going to VS will例：-Kate has come back home from her long holidays abroad. -Oh, really ?I_ . _ visit her.A.didnt know; Ill go and B.dont know; Ill go andC.dont know ; I m goin

25、g to D.didnt know; I m going to解析：一般过去时，will VS be going to(当场形成的意愿；be going to 有计划有安排下的意图）2) be to do:a.表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事（改的可能性较小)例：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.b.命中注定的事c.命令 例：You are to stand here according to the arrangement.3) be about to:马上做某事(即时性）不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语

26、连用4)be due to:与时间表,旅行计划等有关进行式（一）现在进行时时间状语：now, right now, at present, at this moment考点1.基本用法：例1：Would you please keep silent? The weather report_ and I want to listen. A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast 解析：注意语境；此刻正在进行。例2：Teenagers_ their health because they

27、 play computer games too much. A.have damaged B.are damaging C.damaged D.will damage 解析：注意语境；现阶段正在进行。考点2.特别用法：1）带有说话人的主观色彩（积极/消极）例：Oh, where is my wallet ? Maybe I left it in the car. -You _ things behind!A. are always leaving B. were leavingC. have left D. always leave解析：现在进行时表抱怨。注：be (always, cons

28、tantly, forever,continuously) doing2）现在进行表将来：例： The moment_ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A.came B. has gone C.was coming D.is coming 注意：位移动词come, go, start, leave, return, take off ,arrive(按计划、安排将要发生的动作）3）表一时表现或暂时状态：She is foolish.（生性如此）VS She is being foolish.（一时的表现）4） 表渐变（二）过去进行

29、时时间状语：then, at that time, at this time yesterday考点. 基本用法：过去某个时间正在进行例1：-Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, Im terribly sorry._.A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticed D. I dont notice例2：After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that_. A.was decor

30、ated B.had decorated C.had been decorating D.was being decorated解析：过去进行时+被动语态； A.一般过去时表示动作结束 （三）将来进行时考点. 基本用法例：I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I_ to Shanghai. A.will be flying B.will fly C. have been flying D.have flown解析：将来进行时的时间标志:At this time tomorrow morning 完成式（一）现在完成时时间状语：rece

31、ntly, lately, up to/till now, so far, in the past/last few years., for+一段时间， since+一段时间考点1. 两种基本用法1）影响性用法：Someone has broken the window.（结果: 窗户仍破着）2）持续性用法：We have been busy this afternoon.（从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束）瞬间 VS 持续例1：Up to now, the program_ thousands of children who would otherwise have die

32、d. A.would save B.saves C.had saved D. has saved例2：-Look! Somebody_ in the sofa. _ Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it. A.is cleaning B. was cleaning C.has cleaned D.had cleaned 此题务必摆脱惯性思维；注意语境。考点2. 典型句型例：This is the first time we_ a film in the cinema together as a family. A.see B. had seen C.saw D.ha

33、ve seen 解析：It is the first / second time. that It is the only. that It is the+最高级+. that 从句用现在完成时注意：以上句型把is改为was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态考点3. 一般过去时VS现在完成时例：The three of us_ around Europe for about a month last summer. A.traveled B.have traveled C.had traveled D.travel 解析：for+一段时间可以与一般过去时连用（travel本身是持续性动作） B.

34、发生在过去，对现在造成影响或持续到现在, 不合语境 一般现在时表示做过，与现在关联不大考点4. 现在完成进行时VS现在完成时例1：The manager_ the workers how to improve the program since 9 a.m. A.has told B.is telling C.has been telling D.will have told解析：现在完成时：从过去持续到现在，可能持续下去，侧重从过去到现在，并与现在有关联现在完成进行时：从过去持续到现在，可能持续下去，侧重持续，与现在的关联相对模糊例2：Tom_in the library every nig

35、ht over the last three months. A.works B.worked C.has been working D.had been working 解析：现在完成时或现在完成进行时时间标志词；over the last three months。考点5. 主将从现：状语从句中常用一般现在表将来，用现在完成表将来完成例：- When shall we restart our business? - Not until we_our plan. A.will finish B.are finishing C.are to finish D.have finished 解析：

36、We shall not restart our business until we have finished our plan. 直到我们完成了计划，才重新开始我们的生意。（二）过去完成时时间状语：before, by the end of last month/years.考点1. 基本用法：过去的过去例：It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they_ for me. A.had done B.did C. would do D.were doing 解析：过了很长时间我才真正体会到他们为我所

37、作的一切。“我能体会到”已经是过去了，而“他们为我所做的一切”则是“过去的过去”。记住：关键是找到两个过去, 与现在完成时区分考点2. 特殊用法：1）表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等（I had meant to come= I meant to have come）联想：want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose2）句型：no sooner than=hardly /scarcely when；no sooner.than是一.就.的意思.必须要倒装一般句型是no sooner had sb done than.这是部分倒装by（ t

38、he end of ) / by the time 过去时间考点3. 过去完成时 VS 过去完成进行时例：They_ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working, are still workingB. had worked, were still workingC. have been working, have workedD. have worked, are st

39、ill working（三）将来完成时 考点1.by（ the end of ）将来时间 例：By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left考点2.时间、条件状语从句现在完成时表将来Ill go with you when I have finished my work.语态考点1. 时态与语态（被动语态）相结合考查的单选题考点2. 主动形式表被动意义2.1.系动词无被动态例：The water _ c

40、ool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels解析：系统词主动表被动（时态和语态结合）联想：appear, be, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn2.2.表主语特征、状态例：The notice _ “No smoking”. A. is toldB. readsC. tellsD. is read解析：广告、通

41、知、通告上写着什么 都用 “read” 这个词；表示主语特征、状态的动词：主动表被动。联想：wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell，belong to2.3.在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式(.doing=.to be done)2.4.习惯上不用被动例：Be careful! Dont get the orange juice on your shirt, for it _. A. isnt washi

42、ng out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. wont wash out解析：类似于The door wont open.英语中有不少这样的词：hang ,take place ,happen ,exist be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent/let（出租）2.5.在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。典型例题 The library needs_, but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B

43、. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 答案A. need （实意） +n /to do，need （情态）+ do，当为被动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选A。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案。 2.6.其他 1）主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）,（作补语的）不定式前需加to2)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”:Your pronunciation should be paid attention to.3)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态:（错） Please seat. vs （对） Please be seated.4)be + 形容词 + to do;不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动:This kind of water isnt fit to drink.5）特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等