2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语社团（二）及参考答案.docx

《2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语社团（二）及参考答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语社团（二）及参考答案.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在一课资料网上搜索。

1、2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section IUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B , C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if youre a writer, youll find the time; and that if you cant find the time. then wr

2、iting isnt a priority and youre not a writer. For him writing is a 1 joba job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesnt wake up and say that he cant work with pipes today. 3 , like most writers these days, youre holding down a job to pay the bills, its not 4 to fi

3、nd the time to write. But its not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness. 5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly 6 often have to do other work to 7 their writing income.As Harlan Co

4、ben has suggested, its a 8 of priorities. To make writing a priority, youll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music, though some people can wri

5、te 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. Youll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . Therell probably have to be less socialising with your friends an less time with your family. Its a 15 learning curve and i

6、t wont always make you popular.Theres just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writingand thats reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can; its the one 17 supporter something you cant do without.1.AdifficultBnormalCsteadyD pleasant2.AcombinedBcom

7、paredCconfusedD confronted3. AIfBThoughCOnceD Unless4.AenoughBstrangeCwrongD easy5.AAcceptBExplainCRememberD Suppose6. Awell-knownBwell-advisedCwell-informedD well-chosen7.AdonateBgenerateCsupplementD calculate8.AcauseBpurposeCquestionD condition9.AhighlightBsacrificeCcontinueD exploreTime is finite

8、 The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can, that means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If youre a writer, that means 20 writing.10.A relationsBinterestsCmemoriesD skills11.A untilBbecauseCw

9、hileD before12.A put up withBmake up forChang on toD cut down on13.A intelligentBoccasionalCintensiveD emotional14.A habitBtestCdecisionD plan15.A toughBgentleCrapidD funny16.A in place ofBin charge ofCin response toD in addition to17.A indispensableBinnovativeCinvisibleD instant18.A dullerBharderCq

10、uieterD quicker19.A peacefullyBgenerouslyCproductivelyD gratefully20.A at mostBin turnCon averageD above allPart A Directions:Section IIReading ComprehensionRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points

11、)Text 1On a recent sunny day, 13,000 chickens roam over Larry Browns 40 windswept acres in Shiner, Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car. Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random, but its by design, part of what the $6.1 billion U.S. egg industry bets will be its next big thin

12、g: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs, which are making their debut now on shelves for as much as $8 a dozen, are still labeled organic and animal-friendly, but theyre also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture- special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap greenhouse

13、 gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.“Im excited about our progress,” says Brown, who harvests eggs for Denver-based NestFresh Eggs and is adding more cover crops that draw worms and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds waste then fertilizes fields. Such impr

14、ovements “allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.”The egg industrys push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. In barely

15、 more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats, but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg rollout is

16、 successful, it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef, broccoli, and beyond.Regenerative products could be a hard sell, because the concept is tough to define quickly, says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandywine. Such farmin

17、g also brings minimal, if any, improvement to the food products (though some producers say theireggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range, non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show th

18、at younger generations are more concerned about climate change, and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect the environment. Young adults “really care about the planet,” says John Brunnquell, president of Egg Innovations. “They

19、are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what I think even they understand what theyre doing.”21. the climate-friendly eggs are produced . A at a considerably low cost.B at the demand of regular shoppers. C as a replacement for organic eggs. D on specially designed forms.22. Larry Brown is exci

20、ted about his progress in . A reducing the damage of.B accelerating the disposal of uses. C creating a sustainable system.D attracting customers to his products.23. The example of organic eggs is used in the paragraph 1 to suggest . A the doubts to over natural feeds.B the setbacks in the eggs indus

21、try.C the potential of regenerative products.D the promotional success of super markets.24. It can be learned from the paragraph that young people . A are reluctant to change their diet.B are likely to buy climate-friendly eggs. C are curious about new food.D are amazed at agricultural advances.25.

22、John Brunnquell would disagree with Julie Stanton over regenerative products . A markets prospects.B standard definition. C nutritious value.D moral implication.Text 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three

23、Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for alonger life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade. Even more surprising is that more than half of “unretirees”-those who plan to work in retirement or went back to work after retiring-

24、said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down, the survey showed.Financial needs arent the only culprit for the unretirement trend. Other reasons, according to the study, include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or

25、avoiding depression. About 72% of “unretire” respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet. Can Congress save the economy? Fed chair says “US debt is on unsustainable path”. Auto industry is still a boys club at

26、the top despite GM CEO Mary Barras success.The concept of retirement is evolving, said Christine Russell senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. Its not just about finances. The value of work is also driving folks to continue working past retirement.One reason for the change in retirement pat

27、terns: Americans are living longer. The share of the population 65 and older was 16% in 2018, up 3. 2% from the prior year, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Thats also up 30.2% since 2010. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U. S workforce, and boomers are expected to liv

28、e longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.Because

29、 of longer life spans, Americans are also boosting their savings to preserve their nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed which surveyed 2, 000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 “unretires” are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life, according to the survey. Among the most pop

30、ular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts. Seniors are living longer, but planning for the extended years is key.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirem

31、ent are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, a co-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretiree should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.“The most chall

32、enging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring,”Weiss said. “Its not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they cant retire.”26.The survey conducted by Harris Poll indicates that .A over half of the retirees are physically fit for

33、 workB the old workforce is as active as the younger oneC one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that .A retirement may cause problems for them B boredom can be relieved aft

34、er retirement C the mental health of retirees is overlooked D unretirement contributes to the economy28.Retirement patterns are changing partly due to .A labor shortageB population growthC longer life expectancyD rising living costs29. Many retires are increasing their savings by .A investing more i

35、n stocksB taking up odd jobsC getting well-paid workD spending less30. With regard to retirement, Brent Weiss thinks that many people are .A unpreparedB unafraidC disappointedD enthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times youfelt

36、tricked or frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple and transparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally, in ways that impair consumer choice. These are examples of dark patterns.

37、First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brignull, dark patterns is a catch-all term for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brignull identifies 12 types of common dark patterns, ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach

38、motel, where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start, but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53,000 product pages and 11,000 websites, researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark pa

39、tterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areasthey engender.Where is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT, compliance, risk, and legal tea

40、ms to review their privacy policy, and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the companys user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups, checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can pla

41、y a role in creating or avoiding digital deception.Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns, most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Pr

42、ivacy Act (CCPA) that “ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights.” The regulations aim to ban dark patterns - this means prohibiting companies from using confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multip

43、le screens or listen to reasons why they shouldnt opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional regulations, there is a need for greater accountability from within the business community. Dark patterns also can be addressed on a self-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themsel

44、ves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards.31. It can be learned from the first two paragraphs that dark patterns . A improve user experiencesB leak user information for profitC undermine users decision-makingD remind users of hidden costs32. T

45、he 2019 study on dark patterns is mentioned to show . A their major flawsB their complex designsC their severe damageD their strong presence33. To handle digital deception, businesses should . A listen to customer feedbackB talk with relevant teamsC turn to independent agenciesD rely on professional

46、 training34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are intended to . A guide users through opt-out processesB protect consumers from being tricked C grant companies data privacy rights D restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph, a key to coping with dark patterns is . A new legal requirementsB businesses self-discipline C strict regulatory standards D consu