前缀Prefix.ppt

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1、1,prefix,前缀 July 2012,2,What is the meaning of these prefix? Could you give some examples?,Anti, auto, bi, ex, mis, mono, multi, over, post, pro, re, semi, sub, under, fore, out , tri, super, pre, tele, trans,3,Types of prefix,Negative prefix Pejorative prefix Prefix of degree or size Prefix of orie

2、ntation and attitude Locative prefix prefix of time and order Number prefix others,4,Prefix: A. Negative prefix:,a-;dis; in; un; non；De-; Pls give many examples,5,Go over what we have learned last time,1.Notebook 2.Autonomous learning 3.How to record a word? 4.Do you remember “crime” l have demonstr

3、ated to you all? Now I would like you to draw the bubbles.,6,Negative prefix:a-;ab-;dis; in; un; non；de-,a-(greek origin)加上形容词构成形容词，表示缺乏某种性质，有“无”“非”“不”等意义。 amoral ( non-moral) 不道德的 asexual ( without sex)无性的 Acentric 无中心的 Acritical 不批评的 Asocial 不好交际的 Atypical 不合定型的 aseptic( free from bacteria)没有细菌的 a

4、symmetry( lack of symmetry)不对称的 注：在元音字母或辅音字母h前，a变为an，例如： anarchy ：nki无政府状态 anharmonic：,nh:mnik不协调的 anorexia,nreksi厌食,7,Ab-(greek origin)加形容词、名词、或词根构成的形容词或动词，表示“离开”、“相反”、“不”等意义,Absent 不在场的 Absorb 吸去 Abuse 滥用，误用 Abstract 抽象的 Abnormal 反常的 Abaxial ：bksil离开轴心的,8,dis-：加在名词、形容词、动词上，表示否定或相反的意义,disease, dish

5、onest, disloyal, disjoint, disobey, disorder, dislike, dissatisfied, disable;disaccord不一致 ; disallow;disapprove; disarm; discolour使变色;使褪色;玷污, 在f前dis-变成dif-，如： diffluence 分流 diffident 不自信的difidnt differ 不同，相异 diffract difrkt分解,9,in-:加在形容词及其派生的名词、副词上、表示“无”“不”“非”等意义,Incomplete, inconsistence, incorrect

6、, insane, indefinite, insecure；inactive, immortal, imbalance, illegal, illogical， irrelevant, irregularly,irrational,irrelative, Ig-也可以加在动词词根或其他词根上，表示否定意义 Ignoble不体面地,ignorance无知, ignore不理，不顾,10,Exercise: Proper, consistent, responsible,It would be _ of me not to advise my company to give up the pro

7、ject. An exchange of views which contains contradictions is _.不协调的 Joking is _ behavior for such a serious occasion.,irresponsible,improper,inconsistent,11,Un-（古英语前缀），加在动词、名词、形容词或副词上，表示“反动作”“否定”意义,Unfriendly, unwise, /uncertain/ unforgettable/ unable, unacceptable, unaccountable, Unannounced/ uninte

8、rested/ unsolicited未经请求的;主动提供的/ unanswered unexpected, unnoticed, unsolved; untold; unwanted Un-是英语本族语前缀，它加在纯粹英语或已采纳到英语里来的外族语词干上，而是in-拉丁前缀，用在拉丁语的词干上,12,unexpected, unnoticed, unread, unsolved; untold; unwanted,1. Employees car choices dont go _ by their bosses. 2. If you keep a lot of emails in your

9、 Inbox, it can sometimes be difficult to find all of your _ emails. 3. A company should learn to deal with _ events, such as changing markets and new policies. 4. Race is still one of the greatest _ problems in this country. 5. This text is about some _ secrets of a happy married life. 6. Her kind w

10、ords helped me in moving through the _ result or failure to look for the “lesson”.,unexpected,unsolved,unread,untold,unwanted,unnoticed,13,Non-（Latin）大多加在名词、形容词、或用作形容词的分词前，表示否定,Nonsmoker, nonfiction, nonsense, nonstop, nonprofit Non-existent；nonsexual无性别的, non-violence非暴力政策, nonstory没有新鲜价值的故事, non-c

11、onductor非导体; nonage未成年, non-aligned不结盟的,14,Nonstop; nonfiction, non-existent,The train goes _ to Nanjing. In some areas public transport is completely _. The writer also published _.( 与小说,故事类不同的)纪实文学,散文文学),nonstop,Non-existent,Non-fiction,15,De-：表示反动作，用于动词或名词,decentralize使分权 , derecognize不承认 , detra

12、in v.(使)下火车 , debug驱除害虫, decarbonize去碳, declass降低社会地位, decontrol取消管制, decrease减少, deface损伤 外观, defame破坏名誉,16,degrade降低, despair失望, defrost，deforestation：,di:fristeinn. . 砍伐森林; decapitation di,kpitein：n. 斩首 . 撤职; Depress 压低，压下 Depopulation 人口减少 Devalue 使降低价值 Declass 降低社会地位,17,Dis-,dis- 1)reversing th

13、e action disconnect 使分离,分开,断开 , disown不承认.是自己的;否认;声明和.断绝关系; disappoint使失望 2)lacking discolored使变色;使褪色;玷污 , disinterested不感兴趣的;不关心的;冷漠的(+in),18,Dis-,It was _ of you to lie to your employer about your educational background. My parents were very _ with me when I failed the exam. I prefer to stay in th

14、e quiet and peaceful countryside. I _ the city.,dishonest,disappointed,dislike,19,Un- 1)reversing the action undo, unpack, untie, unwrap, unzip, unbend弄直, unbind解开, unclose打开, undress, unfold, unlock 2)depriving of unhorse. 使(人)从马背上摔下 , unleash 解开.的皮带 , unman使失去男子气质 , unseat 使从座位上(或马背上)摔下 Unveil除去面纱

15、,20,Exercise: impolite, impatient, unemployed, illegal; undressed; untidy; illegible,Against the law: _ In a mess:_ Take off the clothes:_ Impossible to read:_ Rude:_ Can never wait for five minutes: _ Dont have a job:_,illegal,untidy,undressed,illegible,impatient,impolite,unemployed,21,Complete the

16、 verbs in these sentences: pack, understand, work, lock, appear, do, sleep,1. I am sorry, I mis_ her message completely. 2. we un_ as soon as we got to the hotel, then went out for a walk. 3. she was here a minute ago, but then she dis_ . I am afraid I dont know where she is.,understand,pack,appeare

17、d,22,4.My homework was so bad that Ill have to re_ it. 5.Apparently her alarm clock didnt ring and she over_. 6.she finally managed to un_ the door and we were able to go inside. 7. shes over_ at the moment. She really needs a holiday and a complete break from her job.,do,slept,lock,worked,Complete

18、the verbs in these sentences: pack, understand, work, lock, appear, do, sleep,23,Pejorative prefix 贬义,Mal- (badly, bad) Mis- (wrongly, badly),24,Pejorative prefix,Mis-（old English) (wrongly, badly)加在动词、名词、动名词、和用在形容词的分词前，表示“错”“误”“坏”的意义 Misdial, mishear, misunderstand, misconception, misdeed, misplace

19、, mispronounce, misfortune, mistreat, mislead, misuse, misbehave, Misadministration管理不当, mischief伤害, mishandle处理不力或不当; misinterpret 误译,25,Misplace, misprint, misspell, misreport,1.The story in the newspaper isnt true; the facts have been _. 2.The book contains quiet a few _ words, the proof-reader(校

20、对员) really should have been more careful. 3. He writes excellent English essays, except that he sometimes _ words. 4.She had _ her keys and had to ask her parents to come and unlock the door.,misreported,misprinted,misspells,misplaced,26,Mal-(Frence)(badly, bad);male-(latin)表示“恶”“不良”“坏”“不”,Maltreat,

21、虐待 maladjusted失调的,不适应环境的; malformed畸形的,变形的; malfunction发生故障;机能失常 , malnutrition营养失调; maledict诅咒 malefaction坏事 恶行,27,Prefix of degree or size,co- (together) Out- (surpassing) Sur-(over and above) Sub-(below) Hyper-(extreme) Hypo- Super-(more than) Mini- Over-(excessive) Under-,28,Prefix of degree or

22、size,co- (together) coexist, coworker, co-author, co-owner, co-education, Colleague compress. Conductor,29,Out-; Sur-,Out- (surpassing) Outnumber, outgrow, outclass比.更高级;远高于;远胜于 Sur-(over and above) Surcharge1.超载 2. 额外费 3. 过高的要价 , surtax附加税 , surpass胜过;优于;大于;多于,30,Sub-(below),Subconscious, subnormal

23、, subcontinent, subtitle, subgroup, subordinate(附属品), suburb 1. the police asked the citizen not to ride the _ late at night. 2. in old days women were regarded as _ to free man.,subordinate,subway,31,Hyper-(extreme),Hypersensitive, Hypercritical 苛评的;吹毛求疵的 , hyperactive 活动过度的; hypercautious 过于小心的,极度

24、小心的 , Hyperslow 极慢的 hypermilitant 极度好战的 hypersuspicious 过分多疑的 hypersexual 性欲极强的 hyperverbal 说话太多的 hypersonic 极超音速的.,32,Super-(more than),Superman, supersecret, supersensitive, superjet, superhighway, superpower, supercomputer, superstar, superrich, supermarket,33,1. Even though she is a Hollywood _,

25、 she remains modest and lives a simple life. 2. A new _ has just opened, and you can get almost anything you need there. 3. The United States is now considered to be both a military and economic _ in the world. 4. it would take a _ to get the company out of its present financial difficulties.,supers

26、tar,supermarket,superpower,superman,34,Mini-(L.); Maxi-; Medi-,1)little Minibike,minibus, miniradio, miniature小画像, minicab微型出租车,minstate小国, minisummit小型最高级会议, minicam微型照相机 2) reaching well above the knee, very short Minicoat, minidress, miniskirt, mini-mini-skirt Maxi- Maxicoat, maxiskirt Medi- Medi

27、dress, mediskirt, mediterranean,35,Over-(Old English)Under-(Old English),Over-(excessive)表示“太”“完全”“过度”“越过”等意义 Overeat, overwork, overestimate, overconfident, overweight, overcharge, overdue, overload, overcautious, overabundance Under-表示“低于”“次于”“不足”等意义 underestimate, underprivileged, underachieve, u

28、nderdeveloped, underwater, undersize, underweight, underpay, underline,36,1. He claimed the taxi driver _ him $10, and decided to make a complaint. 2. In this underdeveloped country, nearly a third of the children are severely _. 3. I missed the train this morning because I _ again. 4. Many people t

29、here complained that they were overworked but _,overcharged,underweight,overslept,underpaid,37,Prefix of orientation and attitude,Anti-，ant- (GK)反对，敌对 Counter- (against, in opposition to) Pro- (for, on the side of;),38,Prefix of orientation and attitude,Anti-,ant- (GK)反对，敌对 Antisocial, anticlockwise

30、, antiwar,anti-alien排外的, antiattrition减少磨损, antibody抗体, anticancer抗癌的, antifreeze防冻剂, antipollution反污染, antimusic非正统派音乐 在元音字母或h前anti- 缩为ant-。 Antonym反义词 Antarctic 南极的,39,Counter-，countra- (against, in opposition to)(L.)相反的，反抗,Counterattack反击, counterclaim反诉, counterrevolution反革命, counteract反抗，阻碍, Co

31、untraflow 逆道行驶（车辆） Contrast对比，相比 Contra-可变为contro- Control 操纵 Controversy 论战,40,Pro-(.for, on the side of;) Pro-European, pro-student,41,Locative prefix,Fore- Inter-(between) Trans-,42,Locative prefix,Fore- Forearm, forehead, foreground前景; 最突出的位置, foreleg, forename, foreshore, Inter-(between) Interr

32、elationship, international, interlibrary, intercooler, interplay相互影响;相互作用 , interpersonal, interchangeable, interdependent, interactive,43,Interrelationship, international, interlibrary, intercooler, interplay, interpersonal, interchangeable, interdependent, interactive,These two expressions are _.

33、We live in an increasingly _ world. There exists an _ of political, economic, social and cultural factors that act upon each other. There is little evidence that this encourages flexible, _ teaching in the classroom.,interchangeable,interdependent,interplay,interactive,44,Trans- Transport, transmit,

34、 transform, transplant, transship, transatlantic, 1. The _ flight was successful. 2. Wheat is _ from the farms to the mills by truck. 3. Success and wealth _ his character.,transatlantic,transported,transformed,45,prefix of time and order,Ante，anti（L.） Ex- (former) Fore- Post- Re- Pre- (before),46,r

35、efix of time and orderante, anti-(L.)在前面，早于,antecedence居先，在先 antedate（在信，文件）写上比实际书写日期早的日期 antenatal出生前的，胎儿期的 anteroom前厅 anticipate预料，预感,47,prefix of time and order,Ex-(former)(L.)前，以前的，前任的 Ex-wife, ex-husband, ex-president, ex-minister，ex-premier, Fore-(OE.)前 Foresee, forecast, foretell, foretaste,

36、forewarn, foreshadow, foresight(远见),forearm, foreleg,48,Post-,Post-(L.)在后面 Post-war, post-liberation, posttest, post-race, post-election. post-Christmas, post-graduates研究生, postscript附言,49,1. shed had the _ to sell the house just before house prices came down. 2. she _ the troubles ahead and took st

37、eps to avoid them. 3. There was an instant _ reaction when the result of the match was announced. 4. he went to Harvard as a _ _ to pursue his doctors degree.,foresight,foresaw,post-race,post-graduate,50,Reread, redesign, redial, renew, redescribe, rethink, regain, reproduce Recopy/ refocus/ recharg

38、e/ redefine/ Rebuild/ redo/ refill/ reopen/ rethink/ rejoin Rebirth, remarry, recharge,Re-(L.)重新 重复 再 又,51,rebuild/ redo/ refill / reopen/ rethink/ rejoin,1. The government had spent nearly 7 billion dollars _ the earthquake-hit area. 2. High gas prices made me _ about getting a car. 3. The boy _ th

39、e bottle with cold water and drank entirely. 4. At first, Mary didnt move to New York together with her husband, but one year later she _ him. 5. The street will be _ in October, after being closed off to all traffic for renovation. 6. If I had money, I would completely _ the kitchen in my 30-year-o

40、ld house.,rebuilding,rethink,refilled,rejoined,reopened,redo,52,Pre-(before)(Gk)在前的，在先的,Preschool, pre-heat, pre-cook, Preconference Preface序言,predate在日期上早于, precast预制, prearrange预先安排, prenatal出生以前的, prehuman人类存在以前的, preview预习, prewar 战前,53,Number prefix,Uni-, mono- Bi- (two) Tri-(three) Multi-, pol

41、y-(many) Hemi-,Semi-(half),54,h. Number prefix,Uni-, mono- monoculture, monocycle monorail, monoplane, monologue, unique, unity, unite, unify(使统一), union, unicycle, unisex不分男女的;男女两用的,55,Bi- (two) Bicycle, biplane, bilingual, biweekly Tri-(three) Triangle, tricycle, Multi-, poly-(many) Multiform, mul

42、ti-lingual, multi-purpose, multi-racial, multi-national, multimedia, multicultural,56,Multinational; multimedia,1. The UN has decided to send a _ force to keep peace in the area. 2.Nowadays, _ means a computer using different media, such as laser discs, CD-ROMS, cable TV and who knows what else.,mul

43、tinational,multimedia,57,POLY- ; Semi-;hemi-(half),Polygon, polysemy, polytechnic艺(专科)学校;理工(专科)学校;. Semi-(half) Semicircle, semifarming, semivowel, semidetached半独立的 semi-final/ semi-automatic/ semi-annual hemisphere,58,Others,Vice- Vice-president, vice-professor, vice-director, vice-chairman Associa

44、te-, assistant-, deputy-,sub-(副的）,59,Tele- Television, telephone, telegram, telescope, telecommunication, Telecast(电视广播) Teleworker(电视工作者) Telex(电传电报) Telemeter(测距仪),60,Auto- Automobile, Auto-industry(汽车工业) automation, autobiography(自传), auto-play(自动播放) auto-record(自动录制) auto-reverse(自动翻转) autograph

45、(亲笔签名),61,auto-industry; autograph; autobiography;,1. according to the prediction from the _, the company will have to work even harder than usual next year. 2. the TV series was based on the _ of author Janet Frame. 3. he mistook me for Madonna and asked for my _.,autograph,autobiography,auto-indus

46、try,62,En-“在中， 上”的意思,Encage 关入笼中 Encamp 使宿营 Encapsulate 把 包于胶囊之中 Encase 装入箱内， 包围 Enclose 封进，随函邮寄 Engrave 雕上，刻上 Entrap 用陷阱捕获 Enwrap 包入，卷入,63,在字母b,p.m,ph前，en变成em；在字母l前 en-变成el-， 在字母r前，en-变成er, 表示“置于之内”，“上”等意义 ellipsis省略法 embark上船，从事 embus装入车内 employ雇佣 errhine 催嚏剂：erain,64,En-,Encourage, enable, endear

47、, enforce, enlarge, endanger, enlighten, ensure 1. Dont _ her laziness by doing things for her. 2. the meeting ended in a plan to _ the central park into a stadium that is able to seat 50,000 people.,encourage,enlarge,65,Encourage, enable, endear, enforce, enlarge, endanger, enlighten, ensure,3. the

48、 new test should _ doctors to detect the disease early. 4. you will _ your health if you work so hard. 5. please _ that it was written into your contract. 6. Governments make laws and the police _ them.,enable,endanger,ensure,enforce,66,E-: electronic,e-commerce, e-cash, e-dictionary, e-shopper, e-j

49、ournal, e-print, e-mail, e-merchant, e-learning, e-classroom 1. Smart cards and _ could make up half of the $7.3 billion online sales expected by 2000, figures market researcher Jupiter Communications Inc.,e-cash,67,e-commerce, e-cash, e-dictionary, e-shopper, e-journal, e-print, e-mail, e-merchant,

50、 e-learning, e-classroom,2. some websites provide some _ and you can look up the meaning of these new words in them. 3. Many people have had to abandon their _ accounts, as they are angry with trash_ junk mail.,e-dictionary,e-mail,68,e-commerce, e-cash, e-dictionary, e-shopper, e-journal, e-print, e