木材科学专业词汇.doc

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1、木材科学专业词汇木 材 加 工Wood processing1、一般词汇General Terms安全应力 safe stress暗色心材 dark heart-wood；dark corewood凹凸纹(理)(机械缺陷) raised grain扒钉(蚂蟥钉) doubleheaded nail白腐 white rot白腐材 white rotten wood百万板尺 MMBF百万立方米 Mm3斑腐 mottled(rot)；pecky板尺检尺法 foot board measurement板英尺 board foot(b.F.; BFor bdft)板英尺考得转换 board foot-c

2、ord conversion板英尺-立方英尺转换 board foot-cubic foot conversion板英尺材积表 board foot volume table板英尺检尺 boardfoot scaling板英尺量度 board-foot measure半成材 shop lumber半环孔材 semiring porous wood半活节 partial Intergrown knot半具缘纹孔对 semibordered pit-pair半散孔材 semi-diffuse porous wood半圆材 half-round wood半缘纹孔对 haft-bordered pit

3、pair包复片 wrapping foil薄壁组织 parenchyma被絮花纹 quilted figure比例极限 proportional limit；limit of proportionality比例极限应力 stress at proportional limit壁孔(纹孔) pit壁孔对(纹孔对) pit pair壁孔口(纹孔口) pit aperture壁孔膜(纹孔膜) pit membrane壁孔腔(纹孔腔) pit cavity；pit chamber边材腐朽 sap rot；external decay边材树 sapwood tree边腐 marginal rot边节

4、edge knot边棱节 arris knot；corner knot边缘纹孔 marginal pit变色材 staining wood变形 deformation标尺 staff标准节 standard knot标准考得 apparent cord标准木 type tree标准误差 mean error；error of mean square表层硬化 case hardening表面虫孔 surface worm hole表面缺陷；明显缺陷 open defect波状纹理 wavy figure(or grain)；fiddle back grain不规则纹理 irregular gra

5、in不合格率 failure rate不健全节 unsound knot不均匀结构 uneven texture不均匀纹理 uneven grain部分轻度表层腐朽 partial shallow decay部分严重(深层)腐朽 partial deep decay材积测定法 volume determination材面节(疤) face knot材性 wood property材种 kind of timber；wood sort；assortment槽纹钉 corrugated nail侧面纹理 side grain侧翘(边弯) spring测径尺 caliper rule测径直角尺(轮尺

6、) caliper square层积材 laminate产品种类；产品目录 production program长节 mule-ear knot沉水材 sinker成材 lumber成年材 mature wood；adult wood成熟材 ripe wood承压应力 bearing stress赤节 red knot冲击剪切强度 impact shearing strength冲击强度 impact strength；shock resistance；shock strength冲击应力 shock stress冲击硬度 impact hardness充脂材 resinsoaked wood

7、lightwood；resinous wood充足原料储备 well-stocked supply of raw materials虫孔(虫眼) insect hole；worm grub重纹孔；具缘纹孔 bordered pit初腐 dozy初期腐朽 incipient decay 初期红心腐 firm red heart rot初生材 primary wood初生木质部 primary xylem初生韧皮部 primary bast；primary phloem穿孔 perforation；punching创伤心材 wound heart wood垂直剪切强度 vertical shea

8、ring strength垂直抗拉强度 perpendicular tensile strength纯应变 pure strain次生木质部 secondary xylem次生韧皮部 secondary phloem粗材积 gross scale粗结构 coarse texture粗纹理 coarse grain；open grain；rough grain脆心材 brittle heart打号员(划线员) marker大板条 large strip大虫孔 grub hole大兜(干基特大的) butt swelling；swell-butted；root swelling大径材 large

9、timber大幼树 large sapling大圆材 high pole; large pole带棱健全材 square-edge and sound (Sq.E.Sd.)带皮直径 diameter outside(over)bark带心材 boxed heart timber带状花纹 stripe figure；ribbon grain袋腐 pocket(rot)单壁孔(单纹孔) simple pit单穿孔 simple perforation档木(集材弯道) sheer log导管 vessel导管分子 vessel element导热性 thermal conductivity；heat

10、 conductivity倒棱(倒角) chamfers等级类别 grade category等级区分 grade separation 等级应力；应力分类；应力分等 grade stress地表直径 ground line diameter(GLD)顶腐 top rot冻心材 frost heart-wood端裂 end checking；end shake；end split端面纹理 end grain短木段 billet；bolt短原木 billet timber断面模量 modulus of section断纹理；破折纹理 broken grain对角纹理 diagonal grain

11、钝棱材 waney lumber多用途材 versatile wood多脂材 fatwood伐木废材 logging debris法向应力 normal stress翻木机 log rotator防变色处理 antistain treatment防裂扒钉 antichecking iron；anti-split iron防裂夹具 anti-checking clamp防裂涂料 anti-checking coating非规格材 off-standard非破坏性试验 non-destructive testing废料 refuse分叉节；岔节 branched knot封闭节；不贯通节 blin

12、d knot封边条 edge banding蜂窝腐 honeycomb(rot)蜂窝状纤维(木材缺陷) comb grain；quartered without flakes腐烂和腐朽 decay and rot腐朽节 rotten knot：decayed knot复合材 composite wood复合成材 composite lumber复节；丛节 knot cluster复心材 double heart-wood；double-summit改良板尺检尺法 new F.B.M scale改性木 improved wood; modified wood干材 stemwood干腐 trunk

13、 rot；bole rot干基腐朽 butt rot干裂 crack；seasoning check干容积重 dry bulk density干围 girth干围级 girth class干围界限 girth limit干围率 girth quotient干燥应力 drying stress杆材 small pole刚性模量 rigidity modules根端 butt end根段材 first log；butt log根腐 root rot根株(木)花纹 stump figure工作应力 working stress构架材 carcassing timber管胞 tracheid管孔 po

14、re管状腐朽 pipe rot规定尺寸 dead size规格材 dimension stock过熟材 overyeared wood；overstocked wood海绵状腐朽 sponge rot含晶细胞 crystalliferous cell含水率 moisture content含水率允许公差 moisture tolerances函心材 boxedheart(timber)褐腐 brown rot黑节 black knot横纹剪切 shear perpendicular to the grain横纹抗拉(极限)强度 maximum tensile strength perpendi

15、cular to(the) grain横纹抗拉强度 tensile strength perpendicular to the grain横纹抗压强度 compression strength perpendicular to(the) grain横纹抗压试验 compression test perpendicular to the grain横纹拉力 tension perpendicular to the grain横向翘曲 cupping：crosswise concaving; transverse warping；cup红变 red stain宏观构造 gross structur

16、e后期腐朽 advanced decay厚度膨胀 thickness swelling弧裂 burst check花斑纹 mottled figure；mottle figure滑移 slipping化学变色 chemical stain环钉 ring dog环孔材 ring-porous wood环裂 ring shake；round shake环状腐朽 ring rot混生节 Intergrown knot活节 live knot; tight knot火焰纹 flame figure机加工性能 machining properties机械磨损 abrasion(mechanical)基本

17、应力 basic stress极限抗拉强度 ultimate tensile strength极限抗弯强度 ultimate bending strength极限强度 ultimate strength极限应力 ultimate stress加工材 manufactured lumber夹皮 bark pocket假年轮；伪年轮 false(annual)ring；false increment假心材；伪心材 false heart wood尖节 spike knot尖削度 taper；fall-off; tapering；taperingness坚实节 fixed knot间柱材 stud(

18、ding)检尺杖 scale stick剪切弹性模量 shear modulus剪切拉伸强度 shear tensile strength剪切破坏 shear failure剪切应力 shearing stress剪应变 shear strain健全节 sound knot降等 downgrade；degrade交错纹理 cross gram；interlocked grain节材 nodal wood节子 knot；knag结构特选级 selected structure紧密节 tight knot浸渍材 impregnated wood径级 diameter class径裂 radial

19、shake；cross shake径切面纹理 combgrain净增率 percentage net growth锯齿状年轮 indented ring卷曲花纹 curly figure卷曲纹理 curly grain绝对含水率 absolute moisture content均匀结构 uniform texture；even texture；even grain抗白蚁处理 termite-resistance treatment抗剪刚度 shear stiffness抗剪力 shear resistance抗剪强度 shearing strength；shear resistance抗拉(

20、极限)强度 maximum tensile strength抗拉弹性 tensile elasticity抗拉刚度 tensile stiffness抗拉强度 tensile strength抗磨性 abrasive resistance 抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity抗扭强度 torsional strength抗劈力 cleavage resistance抗劈性 cleavability抗弯刚度 bending stiffness抗弯强度 bending strength；crossbending strength；cross-breaking strength；flexu

21、ral strength抗弯阻力 buckling resistance抗压极限强度 maximum crushing strength抗压强度 crushing strength；compression (compressive) strength；bearing strength坑腐 pitted sap rot空节；节洞 hollow knot枯梢树 staghead块状腐朽 cubical rot扩基上端干围 girth above buttress阔叶材树脂囊(油眼) gum pocket拉力试验机 tensile testing machine拉伸试验 tensile test拉应

22、力 tensile stress蓝斑；蓝变 blue stain蓝变材 blue lumber梁材 stringer两端翘(弓形弯)；顺弯 bow；bowing劣等材 wrack裂环 ring crack(shake)；round shake檩材 beams；stringer绿变 green stain乱纹材 burly乱纹理 wild grain轮生节 verticillate or whorle knot螺纹增厚 spiral thickening螺旋纹理 spiral grain马蹄形防裂扒钉 beegle iron毛边材 unedged lumber毛刺 woolly grain毛刺沟

23、痕 torn grain密实木材 densified wood磨科 abrasive(grinding material)木薄壁组织 xylem parenchyma；wood parenchyma木材变色 wood stain木材传声性 acoustical conductivity of wood木材脆性 brashness of wood；brittleness of wood木材弹性 elasticity of wood；elastic property of wood木材的膨胀和收缩 swelling and shrinking of wood木材的柔韧性 pliability of

24、 wood木材电学性质 electricity property of wood木材分类 wood assortment；wood sorting木材干馏 wood distillation木材刚性 rigidity of wood木材黑斑 black spot(in wood)木材解剖术；木材切片术 xylotomy木材抗疲劳性 fatigue of wood木材力学性质(木材机械性质) mechanical properties of wood木材流变学 rheology of wood木材密度 specific gravity of wood木材耐磨性 abrasion of wood木

25、材挠性 flexibility of wood木材膨胀 swelling of wood木材缺陷 defect；fault木材韧性 toughness of wood木材容重 volume weight of wood；weight by volume；volumetric weight木材声响反射系数 acoustic reflection coefficient f wood木材声学性质 acoustical properties of wood木材实质比重(真比重) specific weight of wood 木材实质密度 density of wood substance木材水解

26、wood hydrolysis木材塑性 plastic property of wood木材调温调湿设备 wood conditioning apparatus木材透声性 acoustical permeability of wood木材凸起 bulge(of wood)木材凸纹 burr figure of wood木材物理性质 physical property of wood木材吸音系数 acoustic absorption coefficient of wood木射线 xylem ray；wood ray木丝 excelsior；wood wool木瓦材 shingle bolt木纹

27、 figure；grain木纹斜度 slope of grain木纤维 wood fiber木纤维素 wood cellulose木质部 xylem木质素 lignin耐火木材 refractory timber耐久性试验 endurance test耐磨试验 abrasive test耐磨硬度 abrasive hardness耐水性 moisture resistance囊腐 pocket rot挠曲刚度；抗挠刚度 flexural rigidity内部腐朽 inside rot内含边材 inside sapwood；included sapwood；double sapwood内夹皮 c

28、lose bark-pocket内裂 interior cheek；internal check逆表面硬化(应力) reverse case-hardening年轮(生长轮) growth ring；yearly ring increment鸟眼(木材) birdseye (wood)鸟眼纹 birds figure扭(力)矩 torsional moment扭矩 torque扭力 torsional force；torsional load turning force扭曲 distortion扭曲纹 twisted grain扭应力 torsional stress膨胀压力 swelling

29、 pressure皮包节 encased knot皮孔 lenticelle；lenticel疲劳极限 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength(resistance)疲劳试验 durability test偏向木 sway wood偏心(年)轮 eccentric ring偏心(髓心偏离) wandering heart；eccentric pith片(英)尺 super feet平衡含水率 equilibrium moisture content(EMC)平均干围 mean girth平均木；中央木 mean sample-tree破坏性试验 break-dow

30、n test骑马钉 C-iron千板尺 MBF千板尺锯材2.36m3 1MBF sawn timber 2.36m3千板尺原木5.1m3 1MBF log 5.1m3千平方尺 MSF强度比 strength ratio强度试验 strength test强度系数 strength factor翘曲 warp；warping；distortion切削沟纹；碎裂纹 chipped grain切削加工性能 machinability侵染材 affected wood (timber)侵填体 tylosis青变；蓝变 blue sap-stain曲干材 compass-timber屈服应力 yield

31、 stress去皮材 barked wood去皮原木 buckskin去皮直径 diameter inside bark去脂材 bled timber缺陷材 defect wood缺陷分级法 defect system缺陷原木 defective log染料木材 dyewood热力学 thermodynamics热膨胀 thermal expansion热容量 thermal capacity韧皮射线 phloem ray韧皮束 phloem bundle韧型木纤维 libriform wood fiber韧性值 toughness value容许应力 permissible stress；a

32、llowable stress乳汁道 latex canal乳汁管 latex tube；laticifer；laticiferous tube乳汁细胞 latex cell；laticiferous cell软腐 soft rot散孔材 diffuse porous wood上等材 high grade stock上木 upper growth；upper stock深虫孔 deep worm hole深加工 Intensive processing深裂纹(深1/8英寸以下) heavy torn grain生长应力 growth stress生节 live knot；sound knot声

33、阻 acoustic resistance湿腐 wet rot湿心材 water-core；wetwood；wet heart十亿立方米 MMMm3实木 solid wood饰面片 finish fails试件；试材 testing piece试生产 trial production试行 experimenting；try out试验程序；试验方法 testing procedure试运转 break-in；test run；running-in 适宜含水率 suitable moisture content受压木 compression wood疏松节 loose knot 熟材 ripe

34、wood树杈 crotch树杈纹 crotch grain(figure)树干材 stem timber树瘤；树疤 burr(burl)树皮；皮层 cortex树脂道 resin canal；resin duct树脂瘤 resinous cancer顺纹 along the grain；with the grain；in the grain direction；in the fiber direction顺纹剪切 shear parallel to the grain顺纹抗剪强度 shear strength parallel to grain顺纹抗拉(极限)强度 maximum tensil

35、e strength parallel-to-grain顺纹抗拉强度 tensile strength parallel to grain顺纹抗压(极限)强度 maximum compression strength parallel to(the) grain顺纹抗压强度 compression strength parallel to grain；endwise tensile strength；crushing strength along the grain丝状腐朽 stringy rot撕裂纹 torn grain死节 dead knot；encased knot；non-adher

36、ing knot松散纹理 loosened grain塑(性)变(形) plastic deformation髓节 pith knot弹性极限应力 stress of elasticity limit统材(包括中等以下的阔叶材及一般的针叶材) common(s)桶材 tubbing头木 basal trunk椭圆节 oval knot弯边 softforming edge弯矩 moment of flexure弯抗强度 buckling strength弯曲材 crook弯曲杆材 curvature弯曲极限 buckling limit弯曲木 bent wood；compass-timber弯

37、曲应变 buckling strain弯曲应力 bending stress；buckling stress弯曲折断荷载 buckling load晚材(夏材) late wood(summer wood)晚材率 late wood percentage；percent of late wood未成熟材 immature wood未成熟心材 imperfect heart wood纹孔道 pit canal纹孔膜 pit membrane纹孔内口 inner pit aperture纹孔塞 pit torus纹孔室；纹孔腔 pit chamber纹孔缘 pit border纹理方向 grain

38、 direction涡卷纹 swirl grain握钉力 nail-holding ability；nail-holding power(capacity)；screw holding power无节材 clear wood无孔材 nonpored timber(wood)无缺陷材 clear lumber细(致)纹理 smooth grain；fine grain；close grain细胞膜 cell membrane细波花纹 fiddle back figure(grain)细结构 fine texture细结构材 fine-texture wood细纹材 close-grained w

39、ood纤维(状)管胞 fibertracheid纤维饱和点 fiber-saturation point纤维应力 fiber stress弦面纹理 slash figure(grain)弦切面纹理 flat grain显微构造 microscopic structure显微解剖 micro-dissection相对含水率 relative moisture content 箱板材 case wood；wrack小材小料 waste lumber material小虫孔 shot hole；pin hole小方材 scantlings小规格材 small-dimension stock小径木 u

40、ndersized tree小柱材 low pole斜边原木 bevel-edged log 斜纹抗压强度 compression strength inclined to(the) grain斜纹理 diagonal grain心材 heart wood心材树(种) heart wood tree心裂 pith check；rift；heart check；heart shake新伐材 freshly-felled timber(wood)形成层 cambium (pl.cambia)胸高干围 girth breast height(GBH)胸高直径 diameter breast-high

41、D.B.H.)熊抓纹 wild grain bear scratches朽节 rotten knot压碎应力 crushing stress压缩木 compact wood；compressed wood压应力 compressive stress；crushing stress羊毛状纹理 woolly grain一等材 first prime quality；first grade timber异形射线(组织) heterogeneous ray(tissue)银光花纹 silver grain(figure)引火木材 spunk隐节；内含节 enclosed knot应变 strain应

42、变仪 strain gauge；strainometer应拉木 tension wood应力(力学) stress (mechanic)应力分级法 stress grading应力分析 stress analysis应力集中 stress concentration应力木 reaction wood应力松弛 stress relaxation应力应变 stress-strain应压木 compression-wood硬度 hardness硬腐(初期腐朽) hard rot硬化层压木 densified laminated wood永久变形 permanent deformation；perma

43、nent set优质大原木 big blue butt有孔材 pored wood幼年材 immature wood；juvenile wood愈合材 callus wood原木板英尺材积表 board foot log rule原木大头段 butt block原条 tree stem；trunk(pole)圆节 round knot圆棱 eased arris(edge)杂木 miscellaneous tree；weed tree早材(春材) early (spring) wood造材 bucking；dissecting；dissection造材归堆机 buckerbuncher造材机

44、bucker造材锯 bucking saw站杆(枯立木) snag涨方(胀量) bulk丈尺 measuring staff(stick)针节 pin knot针叶材树脂囊；油眼 resin cyst；resin pocket；gum pocket真菌学试验 mycological test正应力 normal stress枝节 knottiness枝梢材 faggot wood；lop and top；lapwood枝条材 branchwood；slender-branched枝桠材 brushwood直边和弯边的封边材料 edgebanding materials for straight

45、 and softforming edges中方(材) medium hewn squares中节 medium knot中央干围 mid girth周皮 periderm蛛网心裂 spider heart主干高 bole height(length)柱材 post；pillar wood桩木 pile装饰兼结构用材 appearance lumber纵裂 longitudinal check纵向切削 longitudinal cutting纵向树脂道；轴向树脂道 vertical resin canal阻力矩 moment of resistance最大剪应力 maximum shearing stress最大纤维应力 extreme fiber stress最大压应力 maximum compressive stress