Hit the Nail on the Head.pptx

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1、A New English Course,Book 5,You Nanchun 游南醇 School of Foreign Studies South China Normal University Email: ,Course Objectives,1. Learn to think critically, to have deep thought Critical thinking has been described as “reasonable reflective thinking focused on deciding what to believe or do.” It has

2、also been described as “thinking about thinking.” Learn to doubt Learn to find questions Develop a sharp mind, or become mentally sharper 2. Develop a reading habit,1. Learn to think critically,Kant said that the point of Enlightenment was to overcome our immaturity by daring to think for ourselves,

3、 rather than accepting the authority of others. Foucault summarizes: “ we are in a state of immaturity when a book takes the place of our understanding, when a spiritual director takes the place of our conscience, and when a doctor decides for us what our diet is to be”. -Foucault: A Very Short Intr

4、oduction by Gary Cutting,Michel Foucault,Michel Foucault (French: mil fuko; born Paul-Michel Foucault) (15 October 1926 25 June 1984) was a French philosopher, social theorist, historian of ideas, and literary critic.,Your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life. Dont be trapped

5、by dogma - which is living with the results of other peoples thinking. Dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

6、,-Commencement address delivered by Steve Jobs at Stanford University on June 12, 2005.,The main interest in life and work is to become someone else that you were not in the beginning. If anyone could change me , could make me not me , it was you - Congfu Panda,如果说我曾经教苏菲任何事的话，那就是：要有批判性的思考态度。黑格尔称之为否定

7、的思考。-苏菲的世界p.499-500,2. develop a reading habit,大学学什么,必须是容忍多样性的，至少要容北大不教的东西到底是什么呢？从薛先生的书里，大概可以概括为：大学学什么，正确的专业意识，读和写，以及论辩。 郑也夫先生有一篇演讲稿，就是“大学教育教什么？”归纳为三个方面：读书、写论文和思考，理工科还要加上实验。 我很赞同薛先生的一个观点：“什么是大学生活的核心？在我看来，最重要的就是disputation（论辩）。这种论辩，并不一定是公开的口头辩论，而更多的是在心灵中默然进行的是非辨析，是一种永无止境的精神努力。”可是论辩的前提是什么？那是独立自由的思想。没有

8、独立自由的思想，结论都给限定了了，还奢谈什么“论辩”！？这个让人可以独立自由思想的环境，忍多样性的观点。 -陈心想：追问大学学什么，读书2010年第10期 薛勇北大批判,Were here to put a dent in the universe. Otherwise why else even be here?,Exam,I. Multiple Choice (Word distinction)(151) II. Paraphrase (102=20) III. Proofreading (1 10) IV. Translation (1x15=15 ) V. Translation (1

9、 x15= 15 ) VI. Reading Comprehension (25),Course evaluation (100%),40% for your classroom performance 20% for the mid-term test 40% for the final exam,Some Requirements,1. Consult dictionary for all the new words before class. 2. Do all the workbook exercises. 3. Group work,Hit the Nail on the Head,

10、Alan Warner,Paragaph 1,How does the writer begin his writing? Hilare Bellocwho knew, if anyone did, how to begin and how to end an essayone wrote that “to begin ate the beginning is, next to ending at the end, the whole art of writing.”,What is main point the writer intends to make? What is purpose

11、of an opening paragraph? To introduce the body of the essay. The introduction must include several things: the identification of the subject; a quick view of the organization of the essay to follow; and finally an effort to motivate the readerto engage his interest.,For instance The purpose of this

12、theme is to discuss baseball. What do you think you this beginning Clear but wooden Baseball is the most popular American sports. Do you think that Alan Warner has gained our attention?,How does the writer gained our attention? A rhetorical question A rhetorical question is a figure of speech in the

13、 form of a question that is asked in order to make a point. The question, a rhetorical device, is posed not to elicit a specific answer, but rather to encourage the listener to consider a message or viewpoint. In simple terms, it is a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer

14、.,“A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English.” A writer who is particularly concerned about the precise expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accu

15、rately.,Paragaph 2,Gustave Flaubert居斯塔夫福楼拜(12 December 1821 8 May 1880) Gustave Flaubert (French: ystav flob; 12 December 1821 8 May 1880) was an influential French writer widely considered one of the greatest novelists in Western literature. He is known especially for his first published novel, Mad

16、ame Bovary (1857), for his Correspondence, and for his scrupulous devotion to his style and aesthetics.,“The book is concerned with adultery and contains situations and allusion that shocked the prudish philistine庸俗的government of Napoleon III. Indeed, the novel was actually tried in a court of justi

17、ce for obscenity. Just imagine that. As if the work of an artist could ever be obscene. I am glad to say that Flaubert won his case.”Vladimir Nabokov,Paragaph 2 Choosing words is part of the process of realization, of defining our thoughts and feelings for ourselves, as well as for those who hear or

18、 read our words. We use languages to define our thoughts Or thoughts come before our languages. It brings out a question which deserves our study: how does language relate to the minds of the speaker?,“How can I think till I see what I say?” Only when I have found the right words can I describe what

19、 is in my mind. How does language shape our thoughts?,Paragraph 3,When you find the right phrase you feel that your conception of the man is clearer and sharper.,Paragraph 4,Some English words have a common root but are used in very different senses. Humane and human Some other example: Manly, manni

20、sh, manlike Womanly, womanish, womanlike Imaginary, imaginative Sensible, sensitive,我认为这些谈论道德的人本身就不道德。这个外号本身就不是一个客观的外号，它本身蕴含着事实判断和价值判断。比如好的事实判断应该叫“逃生”，“逃生”跟“跑跑”是两个概念。“逃生”是个事实判断，“逃跑”是个价值判断。价值判断的背后还蕴含着道德谴责在里面，认为你没有履行责任，你是不道德的，这反应了公众本身的“道德分裂”，反应了道德主张与道德行为的脱节,Paragraph 6,Language points: Rife: If sth ba

21、d or unpleasant if rife in a place, it is very common there. Crime and violence were rife in this city before liberation. The disease was rife in that city last year. Rife with sth : full of sth bad or unpleasant: Los Angeles is rife with gossip about the stars private lives.,Paragraph 7,Malapropism

22、: the word comes from Richard Sheridans comedy The Rivals情敌(1775). Mrs. Malaprop is a famous character in the play. She is noted for her blunders in the use of words. For example, she said someone is “as headstrong (任性，顽固) as an allegory (alligator 鳄鱼) on the banks of the Nile.”“她像尼罗河岸边的寓言（鳄鱼）一样顽固。”

23、 “He is the very pineapple (pinnacle顶点) of politeness.”“他是礼貌的菠萝（典范）。” The word malapropism is a name for such mistakes, i.e. the ludicrous misuse of words, esp. by confusion with one of similar sound.,What can you learn from this passage?,There are nineteen rules governing literary art in domain of

24、romantic fiction - some say twenty-two. In Deerslayer, Cooper violated eighteen of them. These eighteen require: 12. Say what he is proposing to say, not merely come near it. 13. Use the right word, not its second cousin. 14. Eschew surplusage. 15. Not omit necessary details. 16. Avoid slovenliness

25、of form. 17. Use good grammar. 18. Employ a simple and straightforward style. “Fenimore Coopers Literary Offenses” by Mark Twain,An example given by Professor Hayakawa,A distinguished Negro sociologist tells of an incident in his adolescence when he was hitchhiking far from home in regions where neg

26、roes are hardly ever seen. He was befriended by an extremely kindly white couple who fed him and gave him a place to sleep in their home. However, they kept calling him little nigger-a fact which upset him profoundly even while he was grateful.,for their kindness. He finally got the courage to ask t

27、he man not to call him by that insulting term. Whos insultin you, son?” said the man. You are, sirthat name youre always calling me. What name? Uh you know. I aint callin you no names, son. I mean your calling me “nigger”. Well, whats insultin about that? You are a nigger, aint you?-Language in Thought and Action,What was the cause of this breakdown of understanding ? Please analyze this example and discuss: “What does this example suggest?”,